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The Subcontractor Problem: Why 1099 Crews Blow Up Your Audit

By Richard Sweet. Reviewed by Richard Sweet. Updated July 2, 2026.

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When you hire 1099 subcontractors without collecting their certificates of insurance, that payroll can get added to your own workers comp bill at the year-end audit, because many states treat subs who lack their own coverage as your employees for comp purposes. The fix is to collect a proper certificate from every subcontractor before they start work, showing their own general liability and workers comp, so their payroll does not land on your premium.

How uninsured subs become your exposure

If a 1099 worker or subcontractor does not carry their own coverage, many states treat them as your employee for workers comp purposes. That means at audit, their payroll gets added to yours and you pay comp premium on it, as if they had been on your books all along. For a landscaper who leans on subs through the busy season, that can be a large, unexpected addition to the bill.

What a proper certificate should show

A proper certificate of insurance from a subcontractor shows their own general liability and, importantly, their own workers compensation, with current dates and adequate limits. That is the evidence that lets the auditor exclude their payroll from your premium. A certificate that is expired, missing workers comp, or missing entirely does not protect you, so what the certificate actually shows matters as much as having one.

Building the habit before work starts

The protection only works if the certificate is collected before the subcontractor starts work, not chased down at audit. The simple rule is no certificate, no work. Keeping the certificates on file, and confirming they stay current through the season, is what keeps sub payroll off your bill. It is a small administrative habit that prevents one of the most common audit surprises in landscaping.

Questions to ask your advisor

  • Am I collecting a certificate from every subcontractor before they start?
  • Do the certificates show the sub’s own workers comp, not just liability?
  • Are the certificates current and adequate in limits?
  • How much sub payroll could land on my bill at audit?
  • Do I have a no-certificate-no-work rule in place?

Uninsured subcontractors are one of the quietest and most expensive audit surprises in landscaping, and the fix is almost entirely administrative. Collecting a proper certificate, one that shows the sub’s own workers comp, before every job, and keeping it current, is what keeps their payroll off your bill. No certificate, no work is the rule that protects your audit.

What many people don't realize

The part that catches owners off guard

  • Uninsured 1099 subcontractors can have their payroll added to your workers comp bill at audit.
  • Many states treat subs without their own coverage as your employees for comp purposes.
  • A proper certificate of insurance from each sub, before work starts, prevents it.
  • This ties directly to the premium audit surprise.
The Vantage Point

What we see most often

The subcontractor certificate habit is specific, painful, and directly tied to the audit surprise. Building the habit of collecting a proper certificate before work starts is one of the highest-return things a growing landscaper can do.

A real example

A landscaper used two 1099 crew members through the busy season and never collected their certificates. At audit, their pay was added to his workers comp premium as if they were employees, a four-figure surprise. A simple rule, no certificate no work, would have prevented all of it.

Details changed to protect privacy. Shared to illustrate, not to promise an outcome.

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When to review

It may be time for a coverage review if:

  • You use 1099 or subcontractor crews
  • You do not collect certificates before work starts
  • You got a surprise audit bill
  • You are not sure what a sub certificate should show
  • You want to protect your audit
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Frequently asked

Frequently asked

Do my subcontractors need their own workers comp?
Usually yes. If your 1099 crews do not carry their own workers comp and provide certificates, many states treat them as your employees for comp purposes, and their payroll gets added to your premium at audit. Collecting a certificate showing their own coverage before they start work is what prevents that.
What should a subcontractor certificate of insurance show?
It should show the subcontractor's own general liability and workers compensation, with current dates and adequate limits. The workers comp piece is what lets the auditor exclude their payroll from your bill. A certificate missing workers comp, expired, or absent does not protect you, so the contents matter, not just having a document.
How do uninsured subs increase my premium?
At the year-end audit, the carrier adds the payroll of subcontractors who did not provide their own coverage to your workers comp basis, as if they were your employees. So you pay comp premium on their pay. For a landscaper who uses subs heavily in season, that can be a significant, unexpected part of the audit true-up.
When should I collect the certificate?
Before the subcontractor starts work, every time. A certificate chased down after the fact, or at audit, may be too late to keep the payroll off your bill. The reliable rule is no certificate, no work, with the certificates kept on file and confirmed current through the season.
Can I be charged for a sub who actually had insurance?
It can happen if you did not collect the certificate to prove it. The auditor works from the documentation on file, so a sub who was insured but whose certificate you never collected can still get added to your basis. That is why collecting and keeping the certificate matters as much as the sub actually carrying coverage.
RS
Written and reviewed by

Richard Sweet

Founder and Principal Advisor, Vantage Point Risk

Richard Sweet runs Vantage Point Risk, an independent insurance and risk advisory for property owners, real estate investors, business owners, and families. He works with investors every week on the coverage decisions that decide how a claim actually turns out, and writes the Learning Center to put those decisions in plain language.

Reviewed for accuracy by Richard Sweet. Last updated July 2, 2026.

Richard also writes The Vantage Point, notes on building a better business.

This article is general information, not insurance advice, and subcontractor and audit rules vary by state. Review your situation with a licensed advisor.

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